特种橡胶的种类及特点（中英文）

【橡胶技术网 - 基础知识】

 特种型橡胶指具有某些特殊性能的橡胶。主要有：

①氟橡胶。分子结构中含有氟原子的合成橡胶。通常以共聚物中含氟单元的氟原子数目来表示，如氟橡胶23，是偏二氟乙烯同三氟氯乙烯的共聚物。氟橡胶耐高温、耐油、耐化学腐蚀。

②丁腈橡胶。简称NBR，由丁二烯和丙烯腈共聚制得。耐油、耐老化性能好，可在120℃的空气中或在150℃的油中长期使用。此外，还具有耐水性、气密性及优良的粘结性能。

③硅橡胶。主链由硅氧原子交替组成，在硅原子上带有有机基团。耐高低温，耐臭氧，电绝缘性好。

④氯丁橡胶。简称CR，由氯丁二烯聚合制得。具有良好的综合性能，耐油、耐燃、耐氧化和耐臭氧。但其密度较大，常温下易结晶变硬，贮存性不好，耐寒性差。

⑤聚硫橡胶。由二卤代烷与碱金属或碱土金属的多硫化物缩聚而成。有优异的耐油和耐溶剂性，但强度不高，耐老化性、加工性不好，有臭味，多与丁腈橡胶并用。此外，还有聚氨酯橡胶、氯醇橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶等。

Special type rubber that has some special properties of the rubber. Are:

① fluorine rubber. Containing fluorine atoms in the molecular  structure of synthetic rubber. Usually fluorinated copolymer unit, said the  number of fluorine atoms, such as fluorine rubber, 23, is a vinylidene fluoride  copolymers with chlorotrifluoroethylene. Viton high temperature, oil resistance,  chemical corrosion.

② nitrile rubber. Referred to as the NBR, the butadiene and acrylonitrile copolymer obtained. Oil, anti-aging properties, and can be at 120 ℃ 150 ℃ in air or oil in the long-term use. In addition, it also has water resistance, air tightness and excellent bonding properties.

③ silicone rubber. Main chain composed of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms in the silicon atoms with organic groups. High temperature resistance, ozone resistance, electrical insulation.

④ neoprene.  Short CR, obtained by the polymerization of chloroprene. Has a good overall  performance, oil, fire, resist oxidation and ozone. But its high density, easy  to crystallize at room temperature hardening, storage is bad, bad cold.

⑤ polysulfide rubber. By two alkyl halide with alkali metal or alkaline earth metal polysulfides from condensation. Has excellent oil and solvent resistance, but the intensity is not high, anti-aging, processing is bad, smell, and used more with nitrile rubber. In addition, polyurethane rubber, epichlorohydrin rubber, acrylic rubber.

　　橡胶加工基本过程包括塑炼、混炼、压延或挤出、成型和硫化等基本工序，每个工序针对制品有不同的要求，分别配合以若干辅助操作。为了能将各种所需的配合剂加入橡胶中，生胶首先需经过塑炼提高其塑性；然后通过混炼将炭黑及各种橡胶助剂与橡胶均匀混合成胶料；胶料经过压出制成一定形状坯料；再使其与经过压延挂胶或涂胶的纺织材料（或与金属材料）组合在一起成型为半成品；最后经过硫化又将具有塑性的半成品制成高弹性的最终产品。

The basic process of rubber processing, including plastic refining, mixing, rolling or extrusion, molding and curing, and other basic processes, each process has different requirements for the products were in line with the number of auxiliary operations. To be able to add all the necessary ingredients in rubber, raw rubber first need to improve their plasticity after plasticating; then mixing the carbon black and rubber chemicals and synthetic rubber materials rubber evenly mixed; plastic material through pressure A blank made of a certain shape; then linked it with glue or adhesive through the calendar of textile material （or metal） together forming the semi-finished products; the final after the semi-sulfide in turn has made of flexible plastic end-products .